Christmas in July

harleyFor over 25 years on the Fourth of July weekend the local chapter of a motorcycle club pulls up outside the food pantry where I volunteer to deliver the results of their annual food drive.  This year was no exception.  On July 2nd three pickup trucks towing utility trailers loaded with food, diapers, personal hygiene products, cleaning products and paper products arrived, bringing the food pantry Christmas in July!  During the month of June, members from Chester County A.B.A.T.E. set up outside local grocery stores on the weekends to collect donations for this drive.  Additionally, club members take any financial donations they receive and purchase items the pantry IMG_0815needs, but are not usually donated in a food drive, like the personal hygiene products, diapers and paper products.

This considerably large donation comes at a great time of year.  Food banks and pantries, ours included, often get most of their large donations in the late fall, right before the holidays, so by the summer donated supplies are running low.  Additionally, summer is often a time when food pantry usage goes up, as children, who may normally receive two meals a day at school during the school year, are home for the summer.  This sizeable donation helps in another way, by allowing us to bring new items into the pantry and fill in the gaps in our staple items, like pasta, beans, rice and vegetables.  I can see the difference this donation has made already.  Our shelves are completely stocked, including personal care items, diapers, and items for the homeless.

IMG_0816Operating a food bank, cupboard or pantry would be impossible without the generosity of those who donate.  We are fortunate to get individual and organization donations regularly throughout the year.  As a matter of fact, as I was leaving the pantry on Tuesday I held the door open for a lady bringing in a box of donated food.   Additionally, several churches drop off regular donations from parishioners.  Sizeable donations like this one, however, coming at a time of year when most people are focused on things other than food drives, help us better serve those in need in our community.  So to the members of this motorcycle club I say a heartfelt thank you and safe ride!

Make Me Look Normal

This week when I was volunteering at the food pantry one of our homeless clients stopped in to let us know that he had gotten a job.  He was happy and proud of himself and wanted to share his good news, but he also had a request.  He wanted to know if we had any wipes so he could keep himself cleaned up and he wanted some food, especially food he could take to work to make him “look normal” to his coworkers.  Luckily we were able to provide both due to recent donations.  We gave him some wipes and a few cans of Chef Boyardee and stew and a can of Spam.  We even gave him a cantaloupe to celebrate of his good news!  Overall this interaction was positive, but his request to “look normal” tug at my heartstrings.  All he wanted was what most of us take for granted; he wanted to fit in, to be an accepted, productive member of society.

In our society we have a tendency to ignore or even shame people in poverty.  We look pasthomeless-man-free-picture-for-blogs-1[1] the homeless person sitting on the sidewalk or avoid making eye contact with the mother with the child who is asking for something to eat because he is hungry.  Or worse, we look at them with disgust or harsh judgement.  There are many reasons why we behave in this manner.  Maybe we are frustrated because we are working hard and not getting ahead and we worry that one day that could all too easily be us.  Or maybe we look away because we desperately want to be of assistance, but feel powerless to truly help these folks out of their situation.  Some may tell themselves this homeless person or single mother is responsible for his or her situation due to the poor decisions he or she has made in life, and therefore deserves no further consideration.  Whatever our rationale, the result of our actions is to push people living in poverty to the edges of society, to segregate them.

I admit that at times have been guilty of such actions myself.  I admit to looking past a homeless person or pretending not to hear the heartache in a mother’s voice as she responds to her child’s pleas of hunger.  I regretfully chose to look away because, at best, I could only help them in the moment, but do nothing to change their situation.  Initially, when I started volunteering in the food pantry I was worried about how to interact with the clients.  I didn’t want them to feel I was patronizing or pitying them.  In the end I settled my nerves by telling myself to just smile and greet them, to acknowledge them like I would any other person I would meet in my day.  I didn’t quite understand the power of that act until our client’s request to want to “look normal.”  He didn’t want anything special.  He just wanted to be regarded and treated like everyone else.  He is not alone, as I imagine most people living in poverty, in addition to wanting a path out of poverty, want to be treated with humanity and acceptance.

This longing to appear “normal”, I’m sure,  is felt strongly by children.  They may not understand why some children can have so much, but they do not.  Whenever we can we try to make sure a client with children gets the boxed mac and cheese with the Star War noodles or the Frosted Flakes.  We sometimes get donated boxes of Little Debbie birthday-cakesnack cakes or sweets that are out of season, like the packaged peppermint bark we got right after Christmas.  It is always fun slipping these items into a family’s monthly groceries, knowing the joy it will bring to a little one whose life holds few treats.  This past week we were able to ensure a young girl got a birthday party thanks to someone who donated a birthday party in a bag, which included cake mix, birthday candles, plates and napkins. (What a great idea this is!)  This young lady’s birthday party will be on Saturday and I will happily think of her getting to celebrate her birthday like a “normal” kid.

When I think what a food pantry provides I have been defining my answer in the broadest terms.  A food pantry provides food and other supplies to someone who is in need.  After this exchange with our homeless client, I realize what we provide is more than just food.  This gentleman came back to us to share his success, not only because he needed items, but because he knew he would be acknowledged and treated “normally”, that we would be happy for him and celebrate, as well as help him with his request.  One doesn’t have to volunteer in a food pantry, however, to have this interaction with people in poverty.  The next time you see someone struggling with poverty, certainly assist them if you can, but equally important, remember they want to be seen and treated as “normal”.  A smile and a friendly greeting can go a long way in making someone feel that they are accepted and belong.

There is a Better Way, but This is Not It

rich manThe other day, as I sat down with my coffee to look over the morning’s news, the following headline caught my eye, 71% of Americans Believe the Economy is ‘Rigged’.  The poll, conducted by Marketplace and Edison Research, found that 71% of Americans believe the economy has been manipulated so that it favors some in society while leaving others at a decided disadvantage.  Interestingly, the answer for this majority of Americans did not change whether they were black, white or Hispanic, nor whether they identified themselves as a Republican, Democrat or Independent.  This poll caught my eye, partly because I count myself among the 71% of Americans who believe the economy is rigged, but also because I have been reading critiques of the contents of House Republicans’ recently released antipoverty plan, a 39 page document entitled “A Better Way”.  Based on what I have read about the proposals in this document, I would argue the plan presents a perfect example of why so many Americans believe the economy is rigged.

When I first heard the House GOP had issued an antipoverty plan I was curious about what it proposed.  I was optimistic as a result of Paul Ryan’s apology for calling poor people “takers”, which he issued in March.  In the past Speaker Ryan has referred to poverty as “culture problem” and viewed those living in poverty as having a moral failing.  In the speech in which he issued the apology, he stated that he had spent more time listening to people living in poverty and realized that “Most people don’t want to be dependent.”  His observation matches the experience I have had interacting with clients at the food pantry.  Unfortunately, after having read several articles about the House GOP antipoverty plan, I realize that Ryan’s apology signals no shift in House Republicans’ thinking about the causes of poverty or the proposed solutions for moving people out of poverty.  The plan is filled with proposals that will often do more harm than good, neglects to address actions that need to be taken and fails to reconcile its proposals with the House GOP budget plan, which proposed drastic cuts in programs for Americans with low and moderate incomes.

In spite of the fact that House Republicans vowed to fight poverty, this antipoverty planlunchbox contains proposals that will often negatively impact those it purports to assist.  For instance, proposals in the plan seek to weaken nutrition standards for school lunches as well as reduce access to free meals for students in need, while raising administrative costs and burdens.  Also proposed in the antipoverty plan is a shift to funding school lunches as a block grant.  I find this particularly alarming, because block grants in the past often result in unequal access to programs nationwide and a decrease in benefits overall.  Targeting the school lunch program for cuts is particularly troubling, as this program benefits children, a group most Americans agree should receive assistance.  Additionally, the school lunch program has successfully lessened childhood hunger and ensured children are nutritionally prepared to meet their school day.

abandonned factoryThe second concern I have with Ryan’s antipoverty plan is that while it seeks to reward being employed, the plan fails to address the minimum wage at all.  Many Americans, including numerous people in Ryan’s own district, have lost good paying unionized manufacturing jobs as factories have closed and manufacturing jobs have moved oversees.  When those who have found themselves unemployed find employment, what they find are often positions in the service industry which pays minimum wage.  As I have said before, a full time minimum wage job barely keeps a single person without dependents above the poverty line, but someone with a family and that same job would certainly be in poverty with no chance to pull his or her family out of poverty on such a meager salary.  For an antipoverty plan that champions working as the path out of poverty, to neglect to advocate for a living wage, or even a modest raise to the minimum wage is inexcusable.

“And the way I argue about this [reforming poverty programs] is:  This is not a budget-cutting exercise.  Take the same amount of money.  It should be a life-saving exercise.  And that means the government can provide resources.  It can be the supply lines.”

Paul Ryan at the Kemp Forum on Expanding Opportunity, January 9, 2016

Finally, the fact that the House GOP’s antipoverty plan fails to take into account this year’s House GOP budget plan, approved in March by the House Budget Committee’s GOP majority, is of particular concern.  This budget plan proposes $3.7 trillion in cuts to programs which benefit low and moderate income Americans.  By 2026 programs to assist low income Americans would lose 42% of their currently inadequate funding.  Cuts to these programs alone account for 62% of the plan’s budget cuts.  Among the programs targeted for cuts is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which would see cuts that would cause millions of families to cease to receive any SNAP assistance and/or further reduce benefit amounts for tens of millions of families.  Additionally, low income Americans will see cuts in assistance for healthcare and higher education to name a few other areas targeted for budget cuts.  The cuts proposed for low income programs in the House GOP’s budget plan are unprecedented in magnitude and yet the House GOP budget manages to preserve all current tax expenditures which tend to favor the wealthy.  Luckily, this budget was not approved this year, but what is evident from this budget plan is that inconsistencies exist between the House Republicans’ vow to fight poverty and the actual actions they proposed with regard to those living in poverty.

Consequently, I have come to the conclusion that contrary to what Speaker Ryan says about having evolved on his views of poverty and vowing to fight poverty, the antipoverty and budgetary proposals put forth by the House GOP paint a different picture.  Unfortunately the picture these documents paint is of a system stacked against those less fortunate.  Speaker Ryan and the House GOP’s antipoverty plan proposes little to assist those in poverty out of poverty or address the root causes of poverty.  At the same time these same legislators propose a budgetary plan that slashes to the bone some of the very programs that help those in poverty make ends meet.  With proposals like these, it is easy to understand why almost three-fourths of Americans think the economy is rigged.

 

 

 

Good News for a Change!

There have been times lately when the daily news feed has just been depressing to the point that I will go several days with minimal monitoring of the news.  To continue to follow the news cycle only serves to deepen the malaise that I feel and at times has almost caused me to throw up my hands and say what’s the use.  These past few days have been no exception.  So when I received two particular emails yesterday containing good news my lunchboxspirits were immediately lifted.

The first email came from the Director of Food Services in my local school district, notifying me that the school district’s application to provide free summer lunches to students in our school district had finally been approved.  The school district had applied to serve reimbursable meals under the federally funded Summer Food Service Program.  Any child under the age of 18 will be able to come to the designated location and receive a meal at no charge.  Adults are also able to eat a meal as well for a nominal fee.  The school district will be serving lunches at a convenient, walkable location, 4 days a week from June 20-August 18.

This is the same program that I had been researching last year, with the hope of convincing the school board to authorize the district to apply to be a sponsor of this program for this summer.  When I contacted the Food Services Director for the district to obtain some information for my group’s presentation, she told me the district was already considering this program.  At the time she was just beginning her research, so I was able to provide her with the contact information of the person with whom I had been speaking at the PA Department of Education.  I was very relieved to learn that the school district was already considering this program.  I had been thinking that our group was going to have to do quite a bit of convincing to get this program implemented.  I need to get my background check completed, but once I have accomplished that I plan to volunteer with this program once a week  as well.

The second email I received that buoyed my spirits was the monthly newsletter from thevegetables Food Bank of Delaware.  The Food Bank of DE has received a 3 year grant from Giant Food’s Our Family Foundation.  This grant allows the Food Bank of DE to partner with Delaware Pediatrics in a pilot program entitled “Produce Prescriptions”.  The pilot will allow participating Delaware Pediatrics offices to identify up to 120 families they feel are at risk for food insecurity and diet related health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes.  Those families will then be given a “produce prescription” which allows them to receive a monthly allotment of 15-20 pounds of fruits and vegetables from the Food Bank.  These fruits and vegetables will be able to be picked up by the families at the pediatric clinic they attend.  What a great idea!  I have read about doctors and hospitals writing prescriptions for fruits and vegetables, but this is the first program I have heard about that provides the produce to those who are otherwise unable to purchase the produce themselves.

These emails came at just the right time for me.  Periodically I get very discouraged and pessimistic about what can be accomplished, and in particular, what I can ever hope to accomplish.  While I do not take any credit for the summer lunch program in my local girls eating watermelontown, I am happy to know that I helped connect the Food Service Director with the right person at the right State agency to move the process along.  I’d also like to think that keeping in contact with her over the past few months and letting her know that people in the community supported this action strengthened the district’s resolve to see this process to fruition.  Either way, it matters not.  The most important thing is that kids, who would otherwise be hungry, are now able to get a nutritious lunch 4 days a week over the summer.

 

Passing the Baguette

bread okThis past Tuesday, rather than do my usual volunteering task of packing food for clients, I went and picked up the Panera bread and sweets that get donated to our pantry, since the lady who regularly makes this run is on vacation this week.  I think a while ago I mentioned the bread we get from Panera, but for those who have not read that post let me explain.  Once a week on Tuesdays the food pantry receives a delivery of breads and sweets that Panera Bread would otherwise throw away because they had not sold within Panera’s allotted time.

I have been curious about how these items get to us, so I was happy to make the run to pick them up.  Instead of heading into the pantry on Tuesday, I drove to an office park near Wilmington, DE, where I met the person who is the first leg of the relay.  After picking up the bread and sweets from Panera in West Chester, PA, she brings them to work with her.  I asked her how this relay came to be.  She said that she saw Panera employees throwing away the bread products one day and asked them about what they were doing.  She was told it was bread that hadn’t sold and if she couldbagels find someone to come and take the bread, Panera would let her have it.  She called all around the West Chester area and no one needed bread.  While conducting this search, she made contact with the person who is the second leg of the relay.  This lady knew about our pantry through one of our volunteers and asked us if we might be interested in this Panera bread if she brought it to us.  Absolutely!  And the relay was born–from a West Chester Panera to a business park in Wilmington, DE to a food pantry in rural Southern Chester County.

We usually get 1-2 grocery carts full of all sorts of bread products-baguettes, boules, rolls, bread bowls and bagels-in white, wheat and seeded form.  In addition to the breads, we get panera sweetssweets as well, from Danish and scones to cookies and brownies to muffins and cinnamon buns.  We get whatever didn’t sell.  Once the bread and sweets get to us we package them for storing so they can be distributed throughout the week.  I usually help with packaging the sweets.  These we wrap individually in plastic wrap.  We don’t get enough sweets to give to every household, so we save them for treats for clients who are experiencing an unusual hardship, like caring for someone who is ill or a grandmother raising her grandchildren.  Most of what we receive is bread and the bread products get bagged to be frozen.  A retired couple comes in on Tuesday afternoons to volunteer to do this task.  The amount of bread we get each week determines how we distribute it.  Usually we have enough to distribute something to each household, but sometimes when the delivery is small we use save the bread for large families to help augment their allotment.  We also use this bread for our homeless clients when we can.

I love this arrangement for several reasons.  First, I love that this perfectly good food is not going to waste and into a landfill.  In addition to our group getting the bread from this Panera on Monday nights, other groups pick up unsold bread on other nights.  Secondly, I love that our clients, who’s lives are full of struggle and stress, are getting a treat.  Who doesn’t love a loaf of good bread or some nice bagels?  Finally, I love the humanity exhibited by all the people who go out of their way to make this happen week after week.  Being a part of this relay of bread, and now understanding what each person does to keep bread out of the trash and get it delivered to people who need it, helps to restore my faith in the generosity and kindness of the American people.

 

To Answer Your Question

Last week I was asked by a reader what determined poverty.  She specifically wanted to know what criterion the government used to label someone as suffering from poverty.  I answered her question briefly, but as I was doing so realized it would probably be beneficial to any reader as well as myself to explain how the government arrives at the Official Poverty Measure it publishes annually.  In addition to explaining the formula and the history of how it came to be used, I will discuss some of the criticism, from liberals and conservatives, surrounding this measure, as well as the suggestions that have been binary peopleproposed in recent years to correct some of the faults associated with the Official Poverty Measure.

Every year the United States Census Bureau publishes poverty thresholds, which are a list of minimum level household incomes deemed adequate on which to exist.  These thresholds measure pre tax cash income and vary based on family size, composition and age of householder.  Any household with a gross annual income below the poverty threshold for a household matching its size and composition is considered to be in poverty.  For my household, with a family unit of 4, two of which are children under the age of 18, the poverty threshold is $24,036.  But where does that dollar figure come from?

In 1963 Mollie Orshansky, who worked for the Social Security Administration, was compiling a report on childhood poverty, but at the time no good system for measuring poverty existed.  To help with her report Ms. Orshansky created a measurement using a set of nutrition guidelines established by the Department of Agriculture called the Economy Food Plan.  The Economy Food Plan (now called the Thrifty Food Plan) was designed as an emergency use, short term cost guideline for families living on a meager budget.  In 1955 the Department of Agriculture reported that the average American family spent one third of its income on food, so Orshansky took the dollar amount of the Economy Food Plan and multiplied it by 3 to arrive at the poverty threshold for a given household size.  To this day, this is the method the U. S. Census Bureau uses to calculate annual poverty thresholds.  The threshold is updated annually, however, for changes in the price of food using thevintage housewife Consumer Price Index.

Even though the United States government has been using Orshansky’s method for determining annual poverty thresholds for over 50 years, this system has been criticized by both liberals and conservatives.  The first criticism centers on the use of the Economy Food Plan as the basis for establishing the poverty thresholds.  The cost of food over the past 50 years has dropped and the average American household no longer spends one third of its income on food.  Current estimates are that U. S. households spend only about 7% of their income on food.  During the same time, the cost of other household expenditures, like transportation, has risen greatly.  Another problem with relying on the Economy Food Plan as a basis for computing the poverty thresholds is that this guideline assumed the family would eat no meals outside of the home and that the household included a housewife who was a careful shopper and skilled cook who could stretch the family’s food budget as far as it could go.  For any of a variety of reasons this scenario exists in few American households today.

The second area of criticism of this method for determining poverty numbers concerns how the annual household incomes are calculated and applied.  When determining a household’s annual income, the Census Bureau uses that household’s gross annual cash income.   Not included in that figure are any noncash benefits households might receive, like SNAP or housing subsidies.  Additionally, the annual household income does not exclude household resources used for other non discretionary expenses, like tax payments, child support payments or out-of-pocket medical expenses, which can have a considerable impact on a household’s budget.  Finally, these poverty thresholds are national numbers.  In other words, they do not vary geographically,  even though the cost of living can vary greatly from one location in the United States to another.

In 1992, after years of criticism of the method for measuring poverty, Congress asked the National Academy of Sciences to convene a group consisting of academics and policy planners to study the issue and make recommendations.  The group, called The Panel on Poverty and Family Assistance, released its’ report, Measuring Poverty:  A New Approach, in 1995.  The panel recommended that the poverty threshold reflect the amount of money needed to meet a households’ basic needs for food, clothing, shelter and a little more for other necessary expenses.  They stated that all resources available to meet the household needs should be counted, including noncash benefits like tax credits, SNAP and housing subsidies.  Additionally, they recommended that any funds not available to meet the needs in the threshold, because they are to be used for other expenses like taxes, out of pocket healthcare costs or child support payments, not be counted as resources.  Finally the panel’s report urged that the thresholds should vary geographically to reflect the differing costs of meeting the needs in the threshold that exist throughout the United States.

This report recommends addressing almost all of the major complaints expressed about donkey elephantthe poverty thresholds; however, for a decade and a half after the report’s release the panel’s recommendations were by and large ignored as neither Republican nor Democrat wanted to touch this political third rail topic.  Finally, in 2011, the Obama administration started publishing a supplemental poverty measure (SPM) based largely on the recommendations of the NAS panel.  The SPM is not the official measure of poverty and is not used when determining eligibility for poverty programs or allocation of funds for poverty programs; however it does give an alternative method to assess the status of low income American households.  Like the poverty thresholds, the SPM is published annually.  The report that accompanies the SPM data explains the difference between the Official Poverty Measure numbers and the SPM numbers,  as well as discusses the effects of noncash benefits, taxes and other nondiscretionary expenses on the economic well being of low income households.

Using the Supplemental Poverty Measures for 2014, which are the most recent numbers available, the percentage of Americans in poverty is higher than the Official Poverty Measure report, 15.3 % and 14.9% respectively.  What do either of these percentages tell us, really?  The SPM is a step in the right direction; however, the problem with both the Official Poverty Measure and the SPM is that they are an absolute measure, a line.  Make abaltimore dollar above the line and you are not considered to be in poverty, but your situation will likely not be any different than the person making $2 less than you who is considered to be below the poverty line.  A line only provides economic data.  It does not provide any information about what the person in poverty, or even just above the line, is experiencing, why he is there or show long he has been there.  This information would be vital in formulating any plan to address poverty.  To truly understand poverty, any measurement of it must encompass more than just a line.  Consequently, the United States government should continue to strive for a more accurate assessment of poverty.

Hidden From View

Over the past few weeks, I have written about generational and situational poverty.  Whenwork-222768_640 I first started reading about these types of poverty, my assumption was that most people who lived in poverty as adults had grown up in poverty.  In other words, that generational poverty was the most prevalent type of poverty in the United States.  Historically this may have been the case and certainly in places like Appalachia, the deep South and many inner cities, people still suffer from generational poverty.  Recent research, however, conducted independently by two professors, Stephen Pimpare currently at the University of New Hampshire and Mark Rank at Washington University, suggests that situational poverty is much more prevalent, and alarmingly, affects far more people than current Census Bureau poverty statistics reflect.

In a piece posted on TalkPoverty.Org, entitled Generational Poverty the Exception, Not the Rule, Pimpare contends that crippling generational poverty, although still in existence in the United States, is a much smaller percentage of the 15% of the population the Census Bureau considers poor.  While Pimpare’s contention on the surface sounds promising, he goes on to suggest that even though generational poverty is the exception to the rule, poverty is far more common in today’s society than we might realize.  His research shows that from 2009-2011 nearly one third of all Americans were poor at least once for more than 2 months.  This number is more than twice the Census Bureau’s poverty rate.  Pimpare’s piece additionally cites the research of Mark Rank, which shows that almost 40% of Americans between the ages of 25 to 60 will be poor at least one year during that span of time in their life.  When poverty is examined using Pimpare’s and Rank’s research, the picture that emerges is a very troubling one.  Far more Americans are touched by poverty than previously thought.

While more Americans’ lives are impacted by poverty, few of them will suffer chronic poverty that lasts for years.  In an article for The Atlantic, Jordan Weissman, citing research conducted by Rank and colleagues Thomas Hirschl of Cornell and Kirk Foster of the University of South Carolina, state that only 11.6% of Americans between the ages 25 and 60 will experience poverty for 5 or more years.  These numbers too sound promising, but the research also shows that many Americans slip in and out of poverty during these same years.  This subset of the population may not be classified as poor, but their economic situation is certainly fragile.  Since the beginning of the Great Recession, continuing through the sluggish recovery, economic insecurity for American households has climbed.  Many Americans have experienced a stagnation in wages or the loss of a job coupled with prolonged unemployment.  One in four Americans have no savings at all.  They live a single crisis away from sliding into poverty that will be difficult from which to emerge.

suburbsWith almost 40% of the population experiencing poverty for at least 1 year during the ages 25 to 60, the likelihood exists that most Americans know someone who has experienced poverty, or quite possibly have firsthand experience.  The face of poverty today could very likely look like me or you.  According to analysis of Census data done by the Brookings Institute, so far in the 21st century, more than two thirds of the increase in poverty rates have occurred in suburban households.  In fact in 2013 suburban poverty levels exceeded urban areas.  This dramatic rise in suburban poverty may surprise some, because unlike other types of poverty, suburban poverty is often hidden on tree-lined streets in developments that look just like mine.

Suburban Poverty, Hidden on Tree-Lined Streets by Jennifer Swartvagher

The Secret Shame of Middle Class Americans by Neal Gabler

I am not surprised suburban poverty exsists, but I am taken aback by how prevalent it is.  I believe special attention needs to be given to addressing this problem, and not because the people experiencing suburban poverty look like me.  To begin with, suburbs are ill equipped to handle large impoverished communities.  Most governmental and philanthropic agencies offering poverty assistance are located in urban centers.  Furthermore, those agencies that are located in suburbs are currently overwhelmed by the increase in demand for services.  Secondly, and perhaps more importantly, as a society we do not want large numbers of this subset of the population that dips in and out of poverty to slip permanently into poverty.  To prevent that permanent downward spiral the factors that cause so many to subsist near the poverty level, like stagnant wages, the disappearance of white collar jobs and staggering levels of student debt must be addressed.  In the meantime, societal safety net programs must be strengthened and eligibility requirements need to be overhauled.

What I have presented here is strictly an overview of this problem.  I encourage you to read the articles I have linked to in this post.  I have also been reading a book by Sasha Abramsky, entitled The American Way of Poverty, which endeavors to pick up where Michael Harrington left off with his groundbreaking work, The Other America.  I have not quite finished Abramsky’s book, but in the last section of the book he offers numerous solutions to address many of the problems I have mentioned as well as others.  As I read this section I am struck by both how simple many of these solutions would be to enact and how little if any cost would be involved in their enactment.  Many of the solutions would be funded using money that is already being spent to address the end results of poverty, which is usually a more costly response than preventing the problem initially.  Even if you do not read the book in its entirety, I encourage you to examine the last section.

Dennis

4th grade classA group of alumni from my elementary school have been planning a reunion for all former students of this school.  The school is no longer open, but when I attended it housed grades 1-4, one classroom for each grade.  When my dad attended that same school it housed grades 1-8, with two grades per classroom, so as you can imagine the school was a small tight-knit community.  Sadly, I will not be able to attend the reunion, but being included in the Facebook discussion about the reunion and memories of our little school and community has caused me to do a bit of reminiscing myself.  Once we completed fourth grade and my class continued on to the much bigger middle school, I had fewer and fewer classes with many of my former classmates, and I lost track of many of them as the years passed.

As my mind flipped through snapshots of memories from that little school one of the memories I recalled involved a classmate named Dennis.  Dennis lived about a mile down the road from me and rode my bus.  We lived in the country and the bus stopped for most children right in front of their houses, but Dennis lived in a small grouping of houses.  Several kids got on the bus at Dennis’ stop, so I was never sure which house belonged to his family.  The community in which Dennis lived was called The Hole.  Everyone called it 3rd grade halloweenthat, including the people who lived there.  It is still called that today.  Back in elementary school, my little person’s mind assumed it was called that because a large pit existed somewhere back in this wooded enclave of homes.

When I was in the third grade I accompanied a classmate and her mother down the dirt road into The Hole to drop off some things to someone who lived there.  It was during that trip that I realized my assumption about the reason for the name of this community was very wrong.  As I looked out the car window I saw what I at first took as shelters for animals, ramshackle buildings with corrugated tin roofs, patched together sometimes with what looked like only plywood.  They looked as if a strong wind might knock them over and that they would be unable to keep out the cold in the winter.  The buildings were not painted and there was no grass to be found.  It was only when someone exited one of the buildings that I realized they were houses, and in one of these houses Dennis lived.

I remember feeling a jumble of emotions, probably more than my young mind could process, and being left confused and sad that people, including my classmate, had to live in such conditions.  As I thought about what Dennis’ life outside of school might be like, I remember thinking that his home life might explain why he often acted out in school.   That day I also realized that The Hole wasn’t called The Hole because it was located near an old quarry.  While I may not have completely understood at the time, I grew to understand that the name of this grouping of houses where families lived was a metaphor for the struggle these families, including this eight year old boy, living in generational poverty had to face on a daily basis.  For him and anyone else living there to succeed in life, they first had to climb out of the hole.

The type of poverty Dennis experienced, generational, has marked differences from the situational poverty experienced by the homeless gentleman from last week’s post.  Generational poverty persists over two or more generations and people who experience this type of poverty often lack a belief that life can ever be better.  No one around Dennis probably thought their life, or his, could get better.  Consequently, Dennis in all likelihood was not urged to do well in school and he probably received little encouragement to strive for a better life.  I do not know what became of Dennis, but I have my guesses, none of which are good.

As I continue to research on these two main types of poverty, I am beginning to comprehend that the policies and programs needed to address generational poverty must be more complex, addressing more than just poverty.  To successfully attempt to alleviate this type of poverty, people’s mindset must be changed.  Those experiencing generational poverty must be given hope that their lives can get better and reason to believe that working toward a better life can reap rewards.  The change in mindset does not just need to happen with those experiencing generational poverty, however.  The whole of society needs to come to the realization that social justice does not exist in the United States.  The playing field is not level.  Until the whole of society accepts that truth and chooses to work to rectify the inequity we all suffer as a nation.

Would You Eat That Cold?

canned soup2Tuesday my co-volunteer and I played “Would You Eat That Cold?” which is what we ask each other when we have to pack food for a homeless person who has no way of heating their food.  This week we also played the companion games, “Is This Too Heavy to Carry?” and ” How Long Do You Think This Can Last Unrefrigerated?” These companion games were necessary because the homeless gentleman we were assisting was without transportation and could only take what he could carry.  In addition, he lacked a refrigerator, cooler, or any other way to keep his food cold.  As games go, these are not a very fun.  This is the second time we have had to play them this month and at least the third time this year.  Each time we have played them, it has been with a different person.

Although this gentleman was new to me, he was not unfamiliar to my co-volunteer, who has been volunteering at the food pantry longer than I have.  This is the first time he has come to us homeless, however.  His experience tugged at our heartstrings.  He had been on the right path.  He attended college for three years, but left his education to care for his mother who was suffering from cancer.  As an only child, he was the only one she had.  He cared for her for a year and a half until she passed.  My co-volunteer characterized this man as an intelligent, engaging person, a caring father and loving son.  Unfortunately, in recent years he has been unable to find permanent employment and has chosen to trust people who have taken advantage of his generosity.  So now he finds himself homeless.  We gave him what we could, making sure the box wasn’t too heavy, and sent him to get some help with shelter.  Hopefully he will find a better housing situation and we will see him back in a few weeks to get a more regular allotment of food.

The type poverty our homeless gentleman is experiencing is classified as situational homeless-man-free-picture-for-blogs-1[1]poverty, which is defined as a period of being poor caused by situational factors like job loss, illness, divorce or natural disaster.  While he may not have had many extras as a child and young adult, he did not live in poverty; however, due to situational factors like having to take care of his mother during her illness and current difficulty finding employment, he now finds himself homeless and living in poverty.  If he could receive the necessary temporary assistance and find a permanent full time job that paid a living wage, so that he could begin to build a financial cushion, the likelihood exists that he would lift himself out of poverty.

I have just started researching the various types of poverty, and by types of poverty I do not mean the stratifications, like deep poverty, about which I’ve previously written.  These different types of poverty speak to the circumstances surrounding why a person is experiencing poverty and the characteristics of his or her experience.  My research is focusing on two types of poverty–situational and generational.  I believe it is important to understand the characteristics of each type of poverty, because these characteristics should be used to inform any policy or program created to assist those experiencing poverty.  Additionally, understanding the differences in types of poverty, that there even are differences, brings the realization that policies and programs to address poverty and its causes can not be one size fits all.  In the next week or so I plan to write a post sharing what I have learned about these two common types of poverty.

Taking a Shot

 

I’m back after my brief respite from being immersed in poverty statistics and personal accounts from people who struggle with poverty on a daily basis, as well as from a break from writing.  While I was not conducting poverty research or writing blog posts, I was still moving forward toward my goal of doing what I can to help the food insecurity problem in my community.  During this break I read a very thought provoking book, entitled Making a Life, Making a Living, by Mark Albion in which the author encourages readers to focus on following their passion in life and doing their best to incorporate that passion into their work.  On those pages I definitely found the inspiration and encouragement I needed to take the next step.  While I was reading Albion’s book I was also thinking about what I hoped to accomplish and how I might go about accomplishing those goals by following my passion and using my strengths.  I purposely paired these two tasks because I thought they might compliment each other.  The result of the past couple of week’s work is that I am reinvigorated and ready to renew my efforts to make a difference in my community.

hockey stick puckThe reason for my hesitancy to move forward thus far stems from the fact that I’m not a risk taker, never have been.  For me, as it probably is for most people, I haven’t taken risks because of a fear of failure.  One of the things I really like about the Albion book is that it is peppered with motivational quotes, at least one on every page.  Several of them deal with taking risks or overcoming the fear of failure.  One of the ones that really caused me to stop and think is a simple statement from Wayne Gretzky:

    You miss 100% of the shots you don’t take.

Totally obvious, and yet I had never considered inaction in quite that way.  As a result of realizing I was already suffering a failure of sorts by not taking action and moving forward with my long term plans to start a nonprofit whose purpose is to assist the food insecure in my community, I have told myself I have nothing to lose.  I have also come to believe that the only real failure is inaction.  I will undoubtedly attempt things that will not succeed, but these misses, viewed properly, are just opportunities to learn and grow.

Another item I took from the book is a new title for myself, “designated bullsh!t bulldisturber,” which is a term Alan Webber, cofounder of the company and magazine Fast Company, coined to refer to himself.  Albion quotes Webber, who describes his philosophy as such “Telling the truth for me was all about trying to make a difference by being honest about what I saw.”  I plan to take this course of action, telling the truth about what I see and hoping it makes a difference.  I believe that too many mistruths, exaggerations and bald faced lies have been told with regard to poverty, people struggling with poverty, the benefits they receive and the reasons these people are living in poverty.  My intent is to stand up for and with those struggling with poverty, here in this blog as well as my everyday life, and without blame or belligerence tell the truth as I see it or experience it.

So in the spirit of taking risks and disturbing the bullsh!t I am going to move forward.  Over the next few months I plan to talk with a variety of people about my ideas to try and determine how practical they are, how to fund them and how to implement them.  My goal is to have taken action on some of my ideas by the fall.  Wish me luck!

plant vine

In my last blog post I was disheartened because I had been unable to find a positive story about which to write.  Over the past two weeks I continued to look for something positive to report and I am happy to say I found something!  The Chester County Food Bank will be operating a mobile produce truck for the second year in a row.  The Fresh2You Mobile Market will bring fresh produce and healthy food staples, as well as nutrition education, to underserved communities.  The market will accept all forms of payment, including cash, credit and debit cards, SNAP and WIC and Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program vouchers.  The Double Dollars program will allow shoppers who purchase their produce using SNAP/EBT or Farmers Market Nutrition Program vouchers to receive a dollar for dollar match on all purchases of fresh fruits and vegetables, enabling them to stretch their food dollars.  Last year the truck, called Fresh2You Mobile Market, only traveled to Coatesville and a location in rural Honey Brook Township.  This year the truck’s route will expand to include sites in West Chester and Southern Chester County, where my community is located, as well as Coatesville and Honey Brook.  At present the Chester County Food Bank has not released the schedule or stop loctions for the truck.  For more information click on the link above or call Roberta Cosentino, Fresh2You Mobile Market Coordinator at 610.873.6000.